Livestock and poultry farming in Russia
Modern poultry farming in Russia is one of the most dynamically developing branches of agriculture, but the well-being of this industry depends almost entirely on the supply of breeding material from abroad. In Russia, there is practically no breeding base for both egg and meat industrial chickens. More than 90% of poultry bred in Russia is imported.
Foreign breeding and genetic companies are merging into transnational holdings engaged in the breeding of several species of farm animals, which allows them not to depend on market conditions in the industry. The flip side of this consolidation on a global scale is the reduction of the genetic diversity of poultry and the high level of inbreeding in commercial chicken lines.
In these conditions, there is a real biological threat to the existence of these lines due to the potential susceptibility of “monocultures” to new diseases, which can destroy or severely damage a genetically homogeneous population.
Any breeding system is based on assessing the breeding value of potential parents. Its goal is to obtain the most accurate possible prediction of the genetic value of an individual and the productive characteristics of its offspring. The inclusion of genomic selection methods in breeding programs makes it possible to significantly increase the progress of breeding for the main economically useful traits of chickens. The main task in the Russian poultry industry is to create its own competitive breeding base.
Russia has produced an unprecedented volume of farm animal feed.
In 2022, Russia set a record for the production of feed for farm animals – about 41 million tons, which is 8% more than a year earlier. In previous years, the market grew by about 3% annually. This is evidenced by data from the Feedlot analytical agency, published in March 2023.
According to a study for 2022, more than 60% of the volume of finished feed is provided by enterprises of two federal regions of Russia: Central (43%) and Volga (21%). At the same time, the most significant increase in production in 2022 was shown by Far Eastern companies (+ 33%).
In the structure of production of ready-made feed for farm animals, the main volume is on compound feed – more than 80%. In 2022, domestic companies continued to increase their production rates – 6% more feed was produced than in 2021. The production volume reached 34 million tons.
The structure of feed production by type is similar to the structure of meat production in various sectors of animal husbandry. As in previous years, the main ones are poultry and pig feed, which together account for about 90%.
In 2022, the volume of animal feed production reached almost 3 million tons, which increased by about 9% over the year. The production of pig feed was estimated at 14 million tons, which is an increase of 7% compared to the previous year. The volume of poultry feed production this year increased by 4% to 16 million tons.
A significant increase in production volumes was observed in the other animal feed sector – about 17% in 2022. Among them, horse, sheep and fish feed are worth mentioning: over the year, their production increased by an average of 44. %. At the same time, the output of feed for game decreased significantly (-21% per year).
Livestock and poultry production grew by 2.9%
In 2022, livestock and poultry production on farms in Russia increased by 2.9% compared to the previous year. Milk production also increased by 2%. This is evidenced by data published by Rosstat in January 2023.
According to the department’s assessment, the production of livestock and poultry for slaughter in live weight on farms of all categories in 2022 increased to 16.2 million tons. Gross milk production – up to 33 million tons.
Russia increased meat and milk production in 2022
The number of cattle on farms of all categories in 2022 decreased to 17.5 million heads (by 0.9%), including 7.7 million cows (a decrease of 0.8%). The number of sheep and goats also decreased to 20.7 million heads, which is a decrease of 1.1% compared to 2021.
Pigs and poultry became larger in 2022, their number reached 27.7 million heads (an increase of 5.8%) and 550.8 million (an increase of 2.2%), respectively. In 2022, 46.1 billion eggs were received, which was a growth of 2.7% compared to 2021.
Meat production in the Kursk region in 2022 amounted to 665.9 thousand tons, which is 10.3% more than a year earlier. The number of cattle as of December 31, 2022 in the region amounted to 169 thousand heads (a decrease of 2.6% compared to December 31, 2021), pigs – 2.4 million (an increase of 1.5%), sheep and goats – 149.1 thousand heads (an increase of 3.1%).
Livestock farmers of the Belgorod region in 2022 produced one million 716.9 thousand tons of meat in live weight, which is a decrease of 1.4% compared to the previous year. Including pork produced 879.4 thousand tons (a decrease of 4.4%), poultry meat – 810.9 thousand tons (an increase of 2.2%). The number of cattle in the Belgorod region as of January 1, 2023 amounted to 184.5 thousand heads (an increase of 2.9%), pigs – 4 million 378.5 thousand (an increase of 2.6%), sheep and goats – 6.6 thousand (a decrease of 11.9%), poultry – 46 million 34.3 thousand (an increase of 3.6%).
In the first half of 2022, meat production threatened to become unprofitable – the price of feed and feed components increased sharply.
In 2022, a record volume of finished feed for farm animals was produced in Russia – about 41 million tons. During the year, this increase was more than 8%, while in previous years, annual production increased by 3%.
Prices for various types of animal feed have increased
In the structure of finished feed production for farm animals, the main volume is on compound feed – more than 80%. In 2022, domestic companies continued to increase the pace of production – 6% more feed was produced than in 2021. The production volume reached 34 million tons.
The structure of feed production is based on similar types to the structure of meat production in various livestock sectors. As in previous years, the bulk of the volume is accounted for by compound feed for poultry and pigs, which together account for about 90%.
In 2022, the volume of compound feed production for cattle reached almost 3 million tons, which increased by about 9% during the year. The production of pig feed was estimated at 14 million tons, which was an increase of 7% compared to the previous year. The volume of compound feed production for poultry reached 16 million tons, increasing by 4% per year.
A significant increase in production volumes was observed in the feed sector for other animals – about 17% per year. Compound feed for horses, sheep and fish should be distinguished among them: their production increased by an average of 44% over the year. At the same time, the production of mixed fodder for hunting decreased significantly (-21% per year).
As for feed production on a regional basis, the leading role belongs to the enterprises of the Central (44% of the total) and the Volga (20%) Federal Districts. The most intensive growth in production is observed in the Far Eastern Federal District: over the year, the production of compound feed increased by 35%, which is due to the intensive development of poultry and pork production in this region.
Table 1. Feed production volumes in Russia
Mixed feed | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Changes 2022/2021,% |
Pig feed production, million tons | 11.9 | 12.8 | 13.4 | 14.4 | +7% |
Production of compound feed for poultry, million tons | 15.4 | 15.4 | 15.7 | 16.3 | +4% |
Production of compound feed for cattle, million tons | 2.28 | 2.45 | 2.65 | 2.89 | +9% |
Production of other compound feed, million tons | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.27 | +17% |
Total | 29.6 | 30.8 | 32.0 | 33.8 | +6% |
The main volume, more than 60% of premixes, is produced in the Central Federal District, output increased by 2.5% over the year. It is followed by the Southern Federal District and the Volga Federal District (11 and 12%, respectively). A significant increase in premix production in 2022 was recorded in the Far Eastern Federal District (+ 500%) and North Caucasus Federal Districts (+ 300%). The decrease was observed only in Siberia (-2%).
Deliveries from China exceeded 80%
Feed vitamins and amino acids necessary for the production of premixes are supplied to the Russian market from abroad. Domestic producers cannot fully cover the needs of the market (in Russia only two feed amino acids are produced – methionine and lysine, the production of feed vitamins is underdeveloped).
In 2022, the supply structure has undergone sharp changes, some countries have stopped cooperation with Russia, in connection with which we have lost many suppliers of feed components. However, our trading partners from friendly countries quickly made up for the lost volumes and even increased the supply of a number of items.
So, according to FEEDLOT estimates, from January to November 2022, about 145-146 thousand tons of feed components were imported to Russia, which is 5% more than the previous year. Deliveries from China increased by almost 30%, while deliveries from Europe decreased by half. More than 100 thousand tons of feed amino acids were imported to Russia from China and about 8 thousand tons from Europe. The share of Chinese products in the structure of feed amino acids supplies reached 80%, in the structure of vitamins – and even more, 87%.
Throughout the year, the dynamics of deliveries and prices were heterogeneous, the following main points can be distinguished. In the period from March to May, small volumes of feed additives were purchased at high prices, and then sold to domestic feed producers at high prices in the summer, which in turn led to a jump in prices for premixes and compounds. Feed. Rice. 6 and 7 show the dynamics of purchase and sale prices over time (delivery took a month or two, terms were extended, and often were not exactly clear due to changes in supply routes).
In the second half of the year, after the jump in prices for feed additives, their final prices on the world market decreased, which led to a decrease in prices for importers and feed producers in Russia. Prices for feed vitamins and amino acids not only returned to their previous level, but in some cases even decreased compared to the previous year.
Fishmeal Market in Russia
Fishmeal is a commercial product that is processed from fish after removing its edible parts for human consumption or those that have no market value. Fishmeal is a brown powder. In particular, this product is obtained by crushing, pressing, drying and degreasing various types of dead fish, small fish and processed fish waste, shrimp, crabs, mealworms, etc. The purpose of fishmeal is that it is rich in protein and can be added to animal feed.
Fishmeal is a well-known and most valuable product used as a feed additive. Every year the demand for it increases, as more and more businessmen – heads of farms are convinced of its effectiveness.
Fishmeal for pigs
The high content and excellent composition of amino acids in high-quality fishmeal make it possible to include it in the diet of weaners. At the same time, the percentage of fishmeal in the diet can reach 12%. Fish meal is very useful for roosters, especially lactating cows, as its introduction into the feed increases appetite and has a positive effect on their general condition. Caution should be exercised in adding fish meal to the diet of fattening and nursery pigs, as its excessive content can cause a fishy taste in the meat and fat of slaughtered livestock.
Fish meal for chickens
Fish meal is indispensable in the diet of poultry, including chickens. This excellent feed additive should be included in the poultry diet in an amount of 3-10%. At the same time, the bird quickly grows, develops and has stable immunity. It is very useful to give this natural product to laying hens. However, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the recommendations regarding its quantitative composition in the diet of egg breeds. Otherwise, the eggs may acquire an unpleasant taste. The use of fish meal is especially useful and effective in case of poor balance of compound feeds in terms of the content of essential amino acids in them.
Fish meal for cattle
It is possible to say about the benefits of fish meal as a feed additive for cattle. Suffice it to say that, for example, due to the beneficial properties of high-quality fish meal, which is added to the diet of cows in the early postpartum period, a significant improvement in fertility is observed.
Fish meal for fish
When breeding fish, it is fish meal that is one of the main components. Often its share is up to 30% of the feed. Due to the large amount of protein, vitamins, amino acids, the composition of which is equivalent to egg protein, as well as a sufficiently balanced amount of micro and macro elements, the fish meal contained in the feed is fully eaten by fish. It has a positive effect on their growth and reproduction.
Fish meal fertilizer
Fish meal contains phosphorus and calcium, as well as up to 10% nitrogen, so it can be used as a fertilizer to improve plant growth. However, a mixture is often used as a fertilizer: fish bone meal plus natural fish meal.
When using fishmeal in various agricultural areas, its main quality is what fully guarantees our production.
Import and export of fishmeal in Russia
The value of fishmeal exports in Russia was $164.91 million and the export volume was 94.13 million tons in 2021.
The value of fishmeal imports in Russia was $529.50 thousand and the import volume was 277.05 thousand tons in 2021.
Top brands of fishmeal in the Russian market
LLC NGO Agro-Matik
One of the leading Russian manufacturers of protein concentrates based on white lupine seeds. Production and sales of Agro-Matik protein concentrates for livestock and poultry farming began in 1385. The opening of the zone was preceded by several years of work in cooperation with other companies to develop new technologies for the production of protein feed. Dozens of technologies were studied, negotiations were held with scientific consultants of research institutes, patent owners. As a result, a technological scheme for the production of inexpensive and easily digestible protein was developed.
Today, the company produces Agro-Matik protein concentrate using its own technology. Its basis is lupine, a completely Russian product that can be called a cheap analogue of soybeans. Lupine is actively gaining high marks and recognition in the feed market, gradually replacing soy proteins, on which the Western nutrition system is based.
“Agro-Matik” protein concentrates are a mixture of vegetable and animal proteins. They are free from peroxides, pathogenic microflora and have excellent accessibility. The use of “Agro-Matik” protein concentrates for the production of compound feed allows livestock farmers to significantly reduce the cost of feeding.
Today, the company’s products are in demand in many areas of agriculture. The concentrate is purchased by egg and broiler farms, pig farms, livestock farms and fish farms. Protein feed concentrates are successfully sold in the Nizhny Novgorod region, Moscow region, in the Leningrad region, in the Urals, the Caucasus, the Volga region. Supplies are carried out to Tajikistan, Iran and other Asian countries.
The average prices for fishmeal in the Russian Federation depending on its protein content are as follows:
Fish powder specifications | Protein percentage | Price per ton in rubles | Price in dollars |
At least (60-62)% | 50000 Ruble | 609.75 $ | |
More than 63% | 55000 Ruble | 670.73 $ | |
GOST 2116-2000 | (60-58) % | 70000 Ruble | 853.65 $ |
(60-62) % | 103000 Ruble | 1256.10 $ | |
At least 64% | 110000 Ruble | 1341.46 $ |
Key and important factors for the presence of Iranian manufacturers in the Russian market
According to the initial research conducted on the fish meal industry in the large Russian market and considering the key factors:
High and consistent quality of products manufactured in Iran
Preferential tariffs on import duties of Iranian goods to Russia
Low export costs of Iranian products to Russia compared to Western and Chinese goods
The proximity and proximity of Iran and Russia as a logistical advantage and the possibility of exporting Iranian goods to Russia by various methods such as land, rail and sea transportation in the shortest time and at low shipping prices
The absence of a large part of the market from famous Western brands
The possibility of rapidly expanding market share and access to the competitive and trade space in Russia
It can be said that there is a high economic justification for entering the large Russian-Eurasian market, and the Fardad Group of Companies is proud to establish effective and successful joint cooperation in this direction.
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